Information in texts can be condensed into graphs: for example, charts, statistics, tables and maps (e.g. maps of average temperature zones or vegetation zones). Graphs and images provide additional information and clarifications to the reader. When reading, graphs are translated into words:
- What topics or phenomena does the graph depict?
- What are the main and essential pieces of information in the graph?
- What overall concepts arise from the information?
- How does the graph relate to the rest of the text?
Processes or developments are clarified with diagrams and drawings. If the text describes a process, the student can draw their own diagram. The exercise in the textbook may often be a drawing task. For example, a diagram illustrating the formation of gas planets can be drawn.